50 Years On, «Israel» Keeps Tight Grip on Palestine Economy

Karin Laub, Mohammed Daraghmeh

Fouad Maraita wakes up at 3:30 a.m. His hometown of Salfit in the occupied West Bank lies in darkness. He drinks coffee, slings a bag with his lunch over his shoulder, gets on a minibus and starts the grueling journey to his job laying tiles at a construction site near Tel Aviv.

Maraita, 62, is among tens of thousands of Palestinians who make the trek to the "Israeli" entity every day.

Fifty years after "Israel" occupied the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and East al-Quds [Jerusalem], this army of laborers is one of the most visible signs of the occupation.

"Israeli" control has held back the Palestinian economy, making decent-paying jobs in the territories scarce. Stripped of choices, Palestinians work in "Israeli" entity, where their average pay is the minimum wage - still more than double what they would earn at home. They build homes, fix cars and serve food.

Laying tiles in "Israel" has become a Maraita family tradition, passed down from Maraita's late father to him, his four brothers, and one of his sons. Salfit is just 48 kilometers from Tel Aviv, but "Israeli" travel restrictions keep him on the road for almost as much time each day as he spends working.

Maraita believes the occupation won't end anytime soon.
"They [the ‘Israelis'] are not going anywhere," he said.

Some 125,000 Palestinians now work in "Israel" and in Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank.

At peak times, a third of the West Bank's workforce was employed in the "Israeli" entity, whose high-tech-driven economy is about 15 times larger than the Palestinian one.

This lopsided relationship will loom large if President Donald Trump restarts "Israeli"-Palestinian talks. The US administration believes strengthening the Palestinian economy would support future talks, but "Israelis" and Palestinians have different views of what that means.

Palestinians say "Israel" must cut shackles now, rather than linking economic change to an elusive peace deal. They say it's the only way to grow a sluggish economy held back by "Israeli" restrictions, including on Palestinian development in large parts of the West Bank where Jewish settlements are allowed to flourish.

"Our economic problems can't wait," said senior Palestinian economist Mohammad Mustafa who discussed such demands with the Trump administration. The "Israeli" entity has proposed improvements of the current system, such as trying to reduce bottlenecks at "Israeli"-run crossings that Palestinians say prevent them from trading competitively.

Michael Oren, the "Israeli" government official who raised such ideas in Washington, said fundamental change has to wait for peace talks. In the meantime, Palestinians should keep working in "Israel", he said. "If there is stability, there is less terror. If there is less terror, this gives us, the diplomats, more space to negotiate."

Shortly after 5 a.m., Maraita reaches a crossing through "Israel's" West Bank separation barrier. Hundreds of laborers make their way through a maze of rails, turnstiles and a metal detector. They place their bags on an airport-style X-ray conveyor belt and press ID cards on a scanner.

It's a Thursday, turnout is relatively light and Maraita gets through in 10 minutes. At the start of the work week, it can take much longer, he said. At first, there were no barriers. With the outbreak of Palestinian unrest in the late 1980s, "Israel" began imposing security closures and a permit regime.

After a second Palestinian uprising in 2000, "Israel" built the barrier to channel Palestinian traffic into "Israel" through crossings to detect potential Palestinian attackers.

Palestinians say the barrier is also a land grab because for long stretches it runs in the West Bank, not on the pre-1967 frontier, slicing off about 10 percent of the land.

Palestinians from Gaza have been banned from work in the "Israeli" entity since 2007.

After emerging from the crossing, Maraita boards another bus, sitting behind his brother Ahed, 52.

Some "Israelis" are pleasant, others racist, said Ahed, a tiler.

"You have to endure it," he said.

At 6 a.m., the bus arrives at a coffee shop in the Tel Aviv area.

Maraita chats with other customers as he waits for his employer.

One of the regulars, "Israeli" contractor Ariel Schneider, believes Palestinians don't need a state.

"We need to make sure they [Palestinians] have work and everything will be fine," he said.

At 6:15 a.m., Maraita's employer picks him up. By the time Maraita gets to his job site, he will have traveled three hours.

An interim economic agreement of the mid-1990s has turned bad, Palestinians say. Their economy contracted or stagnated as a result of conflict-related "Israel" closures.

In the West Bank, youth unemployment reached 40 percent, and the figure for all ages is 18 percent.

Palestinians say that if left to their own devices, they could create jobs and wean themselves off hundreds of millions of dollars a year in foreign aid. The Palestinian economy could grow by a third if they could access resources in so-called Area C, according to the World Bank.

Some in "Israel's" government seek to annex Area C, and the government has accelerated settlement construction there.

Oren said the fate of Area C has to be decided in negotiations.

In the meantime, Palestinians need to make their economy more competitive through technological advances, he said.

Gaza, home to 2 million Palestinians, is even worse off. The border blockade has prevented most exports. Unemployment has reached 42 percent. Among the young it's 60 percent.

A Rand Corp. study said both sides would gain tens of billions of dollars from a peace deal. Even now, "Israel's" gains from the occupation, such as cheap labor, are outweighed by lost opportunities, such as exports to the Arab world, some economists said.

It is 3:30 p.m. Maraita's employer hands him his weekly pay through the window of a pickup truck.

"Israeli" contractors pay on time, said Maraita, who earns four times the West Bank average. He's back in Salfit more than two hours later.

The father of six hopes his 23 grandchildren will do better. For now, he said, he feels compelled to keep working. "We have to take care of our homes, our children," he said.

Source: AP, Edited by website team